Provide "acknowledged body of knowledge" related to the concept. Emphasize the most significant aspects of the concept in an organized, organic manner. Present information sequentially so students see continuity. Draw attention to important, discrete details; don't swamp students with myriad facts.

Map Skills and Vocabulary

Objective: To identify cardinal and intermediate directions, a legend, compass rose, serial views, and landforms.
Activity (Choices):
1. Use a globe and a map to show the location of the North and South Poles, equator, and prim meridian.
2. Draw a compass rose on the board to teach the directions.
3. Use a large map of the United States, or small individual ones, for oral repetition on directions. For example, ask them to tell you which state is north, south, east, or west of other states.
4. Play a game in the form of “Twenty Questions”. Select an object. The students should attempt to discover its location by asking questions such as, “Is the object west of the teacher’s desk?” All questions can be answered only by yes or no.
5. Discuss the importance of a legend. Draw a circle and a square on the board. Ask the students to list all of the things these two shapes could stand for on a map. After they have a chance to guess, explain that the shapes can stand for anything the cartographer chooses and are called abstract symbols.
6. Introduce land and water forms by showing films and filmstrips on the forces of nature.
7. Use a map with land and water forms identified on it. Write definitions for the forms. Students must match the definitions with the correct land or water form.
8. Place an object on a surface in view of all students. Ask them to sketch the object from their seats. Then have them stand on a stool and look down directly at the objective. Discuss the differences.
More Activity Choices:
1. Model using a compass by using an overhead projector and diagram. Teach compass parts, directions, and basic skills. Set up an orienteering course, then give students a compass and let them practice following directions.
Evaluation: Participation in activities.