Connect students directly to the concept in a personal way. Capture students' attention by initiating a group problem-solving activity before delivery of instruction. Begin with a situation that is familiar to students and builds on what they already know. Construct a learning experience that allows diverse and personal student responses. Facilitate the work of cooperative teams of students.

History exercise: subjectivity and objectivity

Objective: To increase student understanding that history is not a mathematical science, but rather a constantly changing and vibrant blend of subjectivity and objectivity.

Activity: 1) Class divided into four sections with each section facing a different wall. 2) One student sent out of room. 3) Teacher goes about the room doing usual and unusual things. 4) Student returns; all students face front.

Assessment: Each student writes down what he or she witnessed.